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Fabrication of Quartz Crystal Microbalance Coated with GO/PVC Nanofiber for Benzene Detection as Tuberculosis Biomarker

  Doni Bowo Nugroho (1*), Nada Nadzira Ayasha Kamal (2), Rosita Wati (3), Nova Resfita (4)

(1) Institut Teknologi Sumatera - Indonesia - [ https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3249-823X ] orcid
(2) Institut Teknologi Sumatera - Indonesia
(3) Institut Teknologi Sumatera - Indonesia
(4) Institut Teknologi Sumatera - Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Received: July 06, 2025; Revised: September 09, 2025
Accepted: October 24, 2025; Published: December 31, 2025


How to cite (IEEE): D. B. Nugroho, N. N. Kamal, R. Wati,  and N. Resfita, "Fabrication of Quartz Crystal Microbalance Coated with GO/PVC Nanofiber for Benzene Detection as Tuberculosis Biomarker," Jurnal Elektronika dan Telekomunikasi, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 86 - 92, Dec. 2025. doi: 10.55981/jet.765

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly contagious illness and a major contributor to global mortality, with over 1.5 million deaths reported annually. TB is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which is often difficult to diagnose in the early stages of infection. Existing diagnostic methods are limited by long processing times, high costs, and suboptimal sensitivity. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM)-based biosensor employing polyvinyl chloride (PVC) nanofibers coated with graphene oxide (GO) for rapid detection of volatile TB biomarkers, particularly benzene. The sensing platform utilized a 10 MHz AT-cut silver electrode QCM coated with electrospun PVC nanofibers, followed by GO deposition via immersion. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed uniform nanofibers with diameters increasing from 183 ± 54 nm to 348 ± 50 nm after GO coating, while FTIR confirmed the presence of GO functional groups. Sensor evaluation revealed a clear and concentration-dependent frequency shift, with a sensitivity of 1.88 Hz·L/mg, a strong linear correlation (R² = 0.99) across 1.18–23.68 mg/L, and a fast response time of 71 seconds. The limits of detection and quantification were determined to be 0.88 mg/L and 2.66 mg/L, respectively. Adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating monolayer uptake. These results demonstrate that the GO/PVC nanofiber-coated QCM offers a promising, low-cost, and sensitive approach for TB biomarker detection in breath analysis.

  http://dx.doi.org/10.55981/jet.765

Keywords


benzene; graphene oxide; polyvinyl chloride; quartz crystal microbalance; tuberculosis

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References


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